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A recipe is a set of instructions that describes how to prepare or make something, especially a culinary dish.
The earliest known recipes date from approximately 1600 BC and come from an Akkadian tablet from southern Babylonia.[1] There are also ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics depicting the preparation of food.[citation needed]
Many ancient Greek recipes are known. Mithaecus's cookbook was an early one, but most of it has been lost; Athenaeus quotes one short recipe in his Deipnosophistae. Athenaeus mentions many other cookbooks, all of them lost.
Roman recipes are known starting in the 2nd century BCE with Cato the Elder's De Agri Cultura. Many other authors of this period described eastern Mediterranean cooking in Greek and in Latin.[2] Some Punic recipes are known in Greek and Latin translation.[2]
The large collection of recipes conventionally entitled 'Apicius' appeared in the 4th or 5th century and is the only more or less complete surviving cookbook from the classical world.[2] It lists the courses served in a meal as 'Gustatio' (appetizer), 'Primae Mensae' (main course) and 'Secundae Mensae' (dessert).[3]
Arabic recipes are documented starting in the 10th century; see al-Warraq and al-Baghdadi.
King Richard II of England commissioned a recipe book called Forme of Cury in 1390,[4] and around the same time another book was published entitled Curye on Inglish.[5] Both books give an impression of how food was prepared and served in the noble classes of England at that time. The luxurious taste of the aristocracy in the Early Modern Period brought with it the start of what can be called the modern recipe book. By the 15th century, numerous manuscripts were appearing detailing the recipes of the day. Many of these manuscripts give very good information and record the re-discovery of many herbs and spices including coriander, parsley, basil and rosemary, many of which had been brought back from the Crusades.
Modern recipes and cooking advice
from Modern Cookery for Private Families by Eliza Acton (London: Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer, 1871. p.48.)
With the advent of the printing press in the 16th and 17th centuries, numerous books were written on how to manage households and prepare food. In Holland[7] and England[8] competition grew between the noble families as to who could prepare the most lavish banquet. By the 1660s, cookery had progressed to an art form and good cooks were in demand. Many of them published their own books detailing their recipes in competition with their rivals.[9] Many of these books have now been translated and are available online.[10]
By the 19th century, the Victorian preoccupation for domestic respectability brought about the emergence of cookery writing in its modern form. Although eclipsed in fame and regard by Isabella Beeton, the first modern cookery writer and compiler of recipes for the home was Eliza Acton. Her pioneering cookbook, Modern Cookery for Private Families published in 1845, was aimed at the domestic reader rather than the professional cook or chef. This was an immensely influential book, and it established the format for modern writing about cookery.
The publication introduced the now-universal practice of listing the ingredients and suggested cooking times with each recipe. It included the first recipe for Brussels sprouts.[11] Contemporary chef Delia Smith is quoted as having called Acton "the best writer of recipes in the English language."[12] Modern Cookery long survived her, remaining in print until 1914 and available more recently in facsimile reprint.
Titlepage of Beeton's Book of Household Management
Acton's work was an important influence on Isabella Beeton,[13] who published Mrs Beeton's Book of Household Management in 24 monthly parts between 1857 and 1861.
The book was a guide to running a Victorian household, with advice on fashion, child care, animal husbandry, poisons, the management of servants, science, religion, and industrialism.[14][15]
Of the 1,112 pages, over 900 contained recipes, such that another popular name for the volume is Mrs Beeton's Cookbook. Most of the recipes were illustrated with coloured engravings, and it was the first book to show recipes in a format that is still used today. It is said that many of the recipes were actually plagiarised from earlier writers (including Eliza Acton), but the Beetons never claimed that the book's contents were original.
It was intended as a guide of reliable information for the aspirant middle classes. Mrs Beeton is perhaps described better as its compiler and editor than as its author, many of the passages clearly being not her own words.
The American cook Fannie Farmer (1857–1915) published in 1896 her famous work The Boston Cooking School Cookbook which contained some 1,849 recipes.[16]
Components
An example recipe, printed from the Wikibooks Cookbook.
Recipe with ingredients integrated into the method.
Modern culinary recipes normally consist of several components
The name (and often the locale or provenance) of the dish
How much time it will take to prepare the dish
The required ingredients along with their quantities or proportions
Necessary equipment and environment needed to prepare the dish
An ordered list of preparation steps and techniques
The number of servings that the recipe will provide (the "yield")
The texture and flavor
A photograph of the finished dish
Some recipes will note how long the dish will keep and its suitability for freezing. Nutritional information, such as calories per serving and grams of protein, fat, and carbohydrates per serving, may also be given.
Earlier recipes often included much less information, serving more as a reminder of ingredients and proportions for someone who already knew how to prepare the dish.
Recipe writers sometimes also list variations of a traditional dish, to give different tastes of the same recipes.
Internet and television recipes
By the mid 20th century, there were thousands of cookery and recipe books available. The next revolution came with the introduction of the TV cooks. The first TV cook in England was Fanny Cradock who had her show on the BBC, later followed by chefs such as Julia Child and Graham Kerr (known as the Galloping Gourmet). These TV cookery programs brought the recipes of these cooks to a new audience who were keen to try out new ways of cooking. In the early days, the recipes were available by post from the BBC and later with the introduction of the CEEFAX text on screen system, they became available on the television. The new companies of Channel 4 and S4C also brought recipes to the television with their own text system called ORACLE.
In the early 21st century, there has been a renewed focus on cooking at home due to the late-2000s recession.[17] Television networks such as the Food Network and magazines are still a major source of recipe information, with international cooks and chefs such as Jamie Oliver, Gordon Ramsay, Nigella Lawson and Rachael Ray having prime-time shows and backing them up with Internet websites giving the details of all their recipes. Internet sites such as AllRecipe.Me, Epicurious and Food Network have become extremely popular destinations to find recipe information, as well as mobile applications. Even reality TV shows such as Top Chef or Iron Chef challenged the idea of culinary arts by having chefs compete against each other in culinary challenges. Internet sites are a free source of many recipes.
Today, despite the Internet, cookery books are as popular as they have ever been (if not more so). [18]
Recipe design tools
While traditionally one needs to buy ingredients listed in recipes, modern technology brought tools that enable reverse recipe lookup - users list ingredients they have, and the tool retrieves recipes they can make.[19][not in citation given]
Molecular gastronomy provides chefs with cooking techniques and ingredients. But this discipline also provides new theories and methods which aid recipe design. These methods are used by chefs, foodies, home cooks and even mixologists worldwide to improve or design recipes. Foodpairing identifies which foods go well with one another. The method provides food and/or beverage combinations that are solely based on the flavor profile of the food and beverage products.
Yummy Recipes Recipes for Kids in Urdu for Desserts for Dinner for Chicken with Ground Beef In Hindi for Cakes for Cookies Photos
Yummy Recipes Recipes for Kids in Urdu for Desserts for Dinner for Chicken with Ground Beef In Hindi for Cakes for Cookies Photos
Yummy Recipes Recipes for Kids in Urdu for Desserts for Dinner for Chicken with Ground Beef In Hindi for Cakes for Cookies Photos
Yummy Recipes Recipes for Kids in Urdu for Desserts for Dinner for Chicken with Ground Beef In Hindi for Cakes for Cookies Photos
Yummy Recipes Recipes for Kids in Urdu for Desserts for Dinner for Chicken with Ground Beef In Hindi for Cakes for Cookies Photos
Yummy Recipes Recipes for Kids in Urdu for Desserts for Dinner for Chicken with Ground Beef In Hindi for Cakes for Cookies Photos
Yummy Recipes Recipes for Kids in Urdu for Desserts for Dinner for Chicken with Ground Beef In Hindi for Cakes for Cookies Photos
Yummy Recipes Recipes for Kids in Urdu for Desserts for Dinner for Chicken with Ground Beef In Hindi for Cakes for Cookies Photos
Yummy Recipes Recipes for Kids in Urdu for Desserts for Dinner for Chicken with Ground Beef In Hindi for Cakes for Cookies Photos
Yummy Recipes Recipes for Kids in Urdu for Desserts for Dinner for Chicken with Ground Beef In Hindi for Cakes for Cookies Photos
Yummy Recipes Recipes for Kids in Urdu for Desserts for Dinner for Chicken with Ground Beef In Hindi for Cakes for Cookies Photos
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